terça-feira, 22 de dezembro de 2015

Full World Wide Web 25 years




Created by the British physicist Tim Berners-Lee to facilitate the work of researchers at the European Organization for Nuclear Research, the Internet is currently used by over 3 billion people.

Near Geneva, Switzerland, the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) offers unique research opportunities for physicists from around the world. With huge equipment installed in a circular 27-kilometer long tunnel dug a hundred meters below ground, scientists accelerate particles to extremely high energy level to, through collision, form new nuclear particles.

Science in these dimensions is so expensive that cooperation is needed in many countries. Visiting scientists perform experiments at CERN and then return to their countries in order to evaluate the data.

Tim Berners-Lee, a British physicist and computer scientist, was recruited in the 80s to bring order to the chaos of different computer systems, networks, operating systems and databases at CERN.

All connected

"People brought their devices and their habits. Then the teams returned home and had to keep working together, but living in different time zones and speaking different languages. In all this diversity CERN was a microcosm of the rest of the world" Berners-Lee wrote in his book Weaving the Web (Weaving the Web, in free translation).


Berners-Lee put it all under one roof. "In principle, everything was already there. I just joined the pieces," says the British today. On December 20, 1990, in Switzerland, he published the world's first internet page: info.cern.ch. In this link, there is a copy of the first site.



The internet itself has well more than 20 years. At the beginning of the 1960s it was laid the foundations of the current global network. The US military wanted to create a computer network for the secure transfer of data.
Data transmission should work even in case of a nuclear attack. The result was called Arpanet, a network that only a few interconnected computers.

Almost everyone uses the World Wide Web

Currently, websites - sites - became obvious. According to the German association of firms of information and communication Bitkom, around 86% of companies with more than ten employees have their own internet presence. On the other hand, only 43% of companies with less than ten employees are represented with digital pages.

"Around the world more than three billion people use the Internet. In addition, people are increasingly opening their own personal pages," said the CEO of Bitkom, Bernhard Rohleder.

By far the most common suffix on page addresses on the Internet is the ".com": the so-called top-level domain is registered 120 million times. In a global comparison, German rule (".de") ranks second with 16 million pages. To increase the number of attractive and memorable addresses, ICANN governing body approved in late 2013 the opening of more areas.

Currently, there are over a thousand different endings of internet addresses - including suffixes such as ".pizza," ".ninja" or ".kiwi". In Germany, regional areas are particularly popular. Therefore, there are about 69,000 addresses ".berlin", almost 25 000 to ".köln" as well as more than 31,000 ".bayern" and about 23,000 ending in ".hamburg".

What began with a simple page created by Berners-Lee, has become a huge industry. In Germany alone, 80% of citizens over 14 years old use the World Wide Web, even for a large proportion of older people the internet is something natural:. 84% of German citizens between 50 and 65 years and 37% of people over 65 use the Internet.

"You do not have to read any nonsense"

"What I did, anyone could have done," Berners-Lee wrote in his book. "The idea of ​​the World Wide Web was like throwing a match in a straw-filled barn. The web has spread because many people helped vigorously for it to be accepted."

In 1994, Berners-Lee founded the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, USA. On many occasions, it is asked if he was disappointed with the fact that the internet has become such a commercial product.

The physicist, who won the British noble title of "Sir", says not: "The Internet should be a universal space - you can not exclude any area Many question if I'm not disappointed with the amount of nonsense that there is on the web.. But nobody is forced to read everything. The internet, in large part, is only a reflection of life. "


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